The term sapphire alone describes the blue variety of gem corundum. Blue sapphire is also September’s birthstone, the gemstone for Taurus and the traditional 5th and 45th anniversary gift. According to oriental belief, sapphire is the gem of Saturn. The name “sapphire” is believed to be derived from the Greek “sappheiros”, a word for blue. This combined with the fact that ruby comes in many different colors and sizes, makes them perfect for all types of jewelry. As ruby is one of the toughest gemstones and with no cleavage, breakage rarely occurs. Fine quality rubies over one carat are rare, but commercial quality rubies are commonly available in size from melee and up. Descriptions have compared ruby to the pigeon’s blood described color of ruby which is vivid red with soft, glowing, red fluorescence. The trace element chromium causes ruby to be red, and can also cause fluorescence, which intensifies body color. The specific conditions under which corundum forms have a strong effect on its color and appearance. All corundum varieties are made of aluminum oxide, a mixture of aluminum and oxygen. The most valuable ruby colors are red to slightly purplish red with medium to medium dark tones and intense saturation. Ruby can command the highest per carat price of any colored stone. Ruby is the most valuable variety of the gem species corundum. Ruby is July’s birthstone, the gemstone for Capricorns and the traditional 15th and 40th anniversary gift.
The beauty, rarity and historical mystique of ruby are undeniable. Ruby derives from the Latin “ruber”, through the original form “rubinus”, which means “red”.
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